Abstract:
The Kanazi feeder, part of Rwanda's expanding electricity distribution network, faces significant challenges related to voltage instability and power losses, particularly during peak demand periods. These issues are exacerbated by increasing load demand, network constraints, and inadequate reactive power compensation. This thesis investigates the integration of Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks as a cost-effective solution to improve the voltage profile and mitigate power losses in the Kanazi feeder. The study employs a systematic approach, utilizing load flow analysis and simulation techniques in DigSILENT PowerFactory software to model the Kanazi network. Four scenarios are evaluated: the base case without any compensation, the integration of capacitor banks, the integration of DG units, and a combined approach integrating both capacitor banks and DG units. The results demonstrate that the combined integration of DG units and capacitor banks yields the most significant improvements in voltage stability and power loss reduction. Specifically, the active power loss decreased from 0.4378 MW in the base case to 0.2031 MW in the combined scenario, while the minimum line-to-line voltage improved from 26.5 kV to 29.9 kV. The findings highlight the importance of optimal placement and sizing of DG units and capacitor banks to maximize their benefits. The study concludes that the strategic integration of these technologies can significantly enhance the performance of distribution networks, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for improving power quality and reducing losses. Recommendations for future research include exploring advanced optimization techniques, realtime monitoring systems, and the use of renewable-based DG units to further enhance system efficiency and reliability. This research provides valuable insights for utility companies and policymakers in Rwanda and similar contexts, offering a practical framework for improving the reliability and efficiency of electrical distribution networks
