Effect of ecosystem-based adaptations to fuelwood substitution in Kirehe district

Abstract

This study investigates the integration of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) with fuelwood substitution in Rwanda's Kirehe District to enhance clean cooking energy access and ecosystem conservation. Focused on transitioning from fuelwood-based to sustainable cooking, the research aims to inform communities and policymakers about effective climate adaptation and energy policies. It explores various household factors influencing this transition, using Tobit as econometric models to analyze data collected through surveys, interviews, and assessments in Mpanga sector near the Ibanda-Makera Natural Forest area. the Majority of households in the surveyed area relied on traditional cooking energy, with limited use of modern sources. Household characteristics like size, age, income from EBA participation and Income off-EBA, education level, proximity to EBA sites, and beekeeping engagement were assessed concerning EBA participation. Using Logistic regression, it was revealed that formal training on EBA, household head's gender, and proximity to EBA sites influenced participation. However, factors like income-off-EBA sources, education level, and family size had limited impact. By using Tobit regression indicated that EBA participation had no significant direct impact on transitioning to modern cooking energy. Instead, household income sources, education level, age, and family size played substantial roles. However, using the Bootstrap Analysis, it showed that Income from non-EBA activities, education level, and household age significantly influenced transitioning to modern cooking energy despite their limited effects of EBA participation. While EBA participation showed limited direct influence on transitioning to modern cooking energy, other household factors were more impactful. The study recommends further research, longitudinal studies, and community involvement for comprehensive policy implications. Overall, the research highlights the complexity of transitioning to modern cooking energy and emphasizes the need for a holistic approach, considering socio-economic dynamics, education, and income levels to facilitate this transition effectively.