Climate change impacts on farming activities and coping strategies of local farmers in Rwimiyaga and Karangazi sectors in Nyagatare district

Abstract

This study examines the impacts of climate change on agriculture in Karangazi and Rwimiyaga Sectors in Nyagatare District, with a focus on farmers’ perceptions and coping strategies. Data were collected from 94 farmers across 15 cooperatives via questionnaires, supplemented by focus group discussions with local farmers, cooperatives and key informant interviews. The findings reveal that climate change significantly affects crop yields and livestock production, with farmers citing irregular rainfall and prolonged droughts as the main key challenges. From 2000 to 2021, Nyagatare District experienced significant temperature fluctuations, peaking in 2004, 2007, 2014, and 2017, with an average around 27°C. Precipitation trends were initially stable but declined around 2008, hit a low in 2015, peaked in 2020, and then declined again, leading to droughts, flooding, and soil erosion. Droughts and heavy winds significantly affected crops and livestock. Over 50% of respondents reported decreased yields, especially in maize, beans, and bananas. Heavy winds damaged infrastructure and caused water scarcity, with 86% noting damage to maize drying shelters. Invasive pests like the fall armyworm were reported by 80% of respondents, with 93% linking them to hunger. The study highlights the need for effective water management, sustainable land practices, and pest control strategies. Coping strategies such as afforestation, crop diversification, irrigation, and traditional knowledge practices were identified as common adaptations. Investing in climate-resilient crops, improving irrigation, promoting sustainable practices, and enhancing capacity building will increase skills to the farmer’s and support sustainable farming activities in the region. Addressing gender disparities and increasing youth engagement through agriculture best practice methods are also crucial for building resilience in Nyagatare’s farming communities.