Family Determinants of Behavioural problems among Adolescents in Rwanda. Case of secondary schools of Nyarugenge District/Rwanda

Abstract

Background: It is globally estimated that 20 % of adolescents suffer from one or more behavioural problems. Different studies showed that this problem is associated with various factors including poor academic performance, unemployment, mental disorders, and dysfunctional environment. However, little is still unknown on the role of nuclear family in the development of behavioural problems especially among adolescents from one of subSaharan countries like Rwanda. The main objective of the current study was to investigate behavioural problems of adolescents studying in Rwanda secondary schools, highlighting associated family determinants, and assess the moderating role of perceived social support. Methods: With a cross-sectional study design, a convenience sample of 158 (107 males, 51 females, M=16.96, SD=1.86) with age ranging between 13 to 23 years was selected in secondary schools of Nyarugenge district. Behavioural Problems Scale (BPS), Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS), University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA Loneliness Scale), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Multidimensional Neglectful Behaviour Scale (MNBS) and Paediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q) were filled by participants to record pertinent scores. Socio-demographic information was also collected. SPSS version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Results revealed that all participants had significant clinical symptoms of behavioural problems. However, female participants were at risk of experiencing more behavioural problems than male participants. Gender, childhood and adolescent trauma, and child or adolescent neglect were significant determinants whereas perceived social support played a moderating role. Conclusions: Results highlighted importance of family and community-based interventions to be implemented in order to make family wellbeing more sustainable; change parenting behaviours, and help children and adolescents to adopt positive behaviours.