Linking wetland management ,agriculture production and poverty alleviation in Rwanda, Case study of Bahimba wetland in Rulindo District

Abstract

This research was carried out in Bahimba wetland located in Rulindo District. The main objective was to assess the linkage between wetland management, agriculture production and poverty alleviation in Rwanda with a case study of Bahimba wetland in Rulindo district. The methods and technics used for data collection include review of published and unpublished reports from government and academic institutions, field observation, household questionnaire survey applied on 97 local farmers and key informant interviews (KII) applied on 3 agriculture officers, one at district level and two at sector level. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows. The information from questionnaires was coded in Ms Microsoft excel. During data interpretation process tables, charts, and diagrams were used to handle statistical data. In addition photos were used to explain realities on the ground. Research findings showed that agricultural productivity in Bahimba wetland increased at a moderate rate between 2013 and 2017 and the use of fertilizers, improved seeds and following advices from extension officers by farmers has contributed to higher yields, especially for maize. Moreover, Household nutritional level of 84% of farmers has improved since they start farming in Bahimba wetland and the income they earn from wetland crop production is high compared to the upland. In addition, they are member of cooperative which make them to get more income due to the market availability as 80% of the wetland crop production is market oriented. The money they get from crop production is helping them in household basic needs like paying bills for medical care and school fees etc. However, evidence on the ground such as flooding, soil erosion and soil acidity constitute the great and present threats to the existence of the wetland and its resources. The study suggests strategies to bring order in utilization and management of the wetland. These include hillside protection through radical terracing, agro-forestry and equitable wetland resources use. Besides, strengthening institutional framework in wetland resources governance is the top solution to all challenges.