Assessment of community engagement in biodiversity conservation: Case study of lake Kivu shores and two small remnant forests in Rusizi and Nyamasheke Districts

Abstract

Biodiversity, the variety of life in all its forms and interactions, plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting human wellbeing. Ecologically sensitive areas are under increasing pressure from human activities, and the role of local communities in biodiversity conservation is crucial for achieving sustainable outcomes. Engaging local communities in biodiversity conservation becomes vital to promote shared responsibility, preserve ecological integrity, and secure a sustainable future for both people and nature. This study aimed to assess the level of community awareness, participation, and engagement in wildlife conservation along the Lake Kivu shores and within remnant forests located in the Rusizi and Nyamasheke Districts of Western Rwanda. Data were collected through a combination of questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, questionnaires targeted community members to assess their awareness, participation, and engagement in biodiversity conservation. Means, percentages and comparisons were used to analyze levels of awareness, participation in wildlife conservation activities, and community engagement in decision-making processes. The results highlight the need for targeted awareness programs and inclusive conservation strategies to strengthen community engagement in biodiversity protection. The results indicated that while 65% of respondents were aware of the concept of biodiversity, only 45% had a comprehensive understanding of its importance. Active participation in conservation efforts under 40%, with greater engagement observed in communities adjacent to remnant forests (45%) compared to those along Lake Kivu shores (35%). Only 30% of respondents reported being involved in conservation-related decision-making, reflecting a top-down approach in environmental governance. Nonetheless, a significant 75% of respondents acknowledged the importance of wildlife conservation for ecosystem services (78%) and community well-being (72%). A structured questionnaire was administered to 193 respondents across selected sectors in the two districts. The study shows a generally positive attitude toward conservation but identifies a gap between awareness and active participation. To improve conservation outcomes, strategies should focus on enhancing environmental education, promoting inclusive community engagement, and building strong local ownership. Visual aids such as charts and maps help illustrate variations in conservation awareness and participation across regions. This research underscores the importance of adopting locally participatory conservation approaches in Rwanda.