Abstract:
Reliable electricity access remains a crucial challenge for many rural communities in Rwanda, significantly affecting socio-economic development. Gasenyi center, located in Nzahaha Sector, Rusizi District, currently lacks grid connectivity, necessitating alternative energy solutions. This research explores the design and optimization of standalone photovoltaic (PV) with battery microgrid system as a sustainable alternative to grid extension. The research aligns with Rwanda’s National Electrification Plan, which promotes off-grid solutions to enhance rural energy access. The essential objective of this study is to design an optimized off-grid PV and battery microgrid system tailored to Gasenyi center's energy needs. Key objectives include assessing the village’s electricity demand, selecting appropriate solar and storage technologies, evaluating technical and economic feasibility, and applying optimization techniques to improve system performance and cost-effectiveness. A detailed methodology was adopted, incorporating comprehensive data collection on local electricity consumption patterns, solar resource availability, and meteorological conditions. The study used PVsyst 7.4 software to simulate system performance, ensuring an optimal configuration of PV panels, battery storage, and inverters. The financial assessment was performed by utilizing Net Present Value (NPV) and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) measures to evaluate economic feasibility. The findings indicate that the proposed microgrid system can generate 74,010 kWh annually, covering 73.09% of the village’s energy needs. A 44 kWp solar PV array, supported by a 255.6 kWh lithium-ion battery storage system, ensures a reliable power supply with minimal energy wastage. The system achieves an 81.66% performance ratio, demonstrating high efficiency. The financial analysis confirms long-term economic viability, with significant cost savings compared to diesel-based alternatives. This study confirms that a standalone PV and battery microgrid system is both a technically and economically viable solution for electrifying Gasenyi center. The findings support broader policy initiatives promoting decentralized renewable energy systems for rural electrification. Future research should explore additional cost reductions and potential hybrid integrations with other renewable sources to enhance system resilience and sustainability.
