Assessment of knowledge and prevention of chronic kidney disease among adult out patients in Rwanda Military Hospital

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a major global public health concern with a large burden for the health care systems and huge costs of treatment, particularly in the low income countries. The rapid increase of the main risk factors of CKD such as hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM), together with their associated lifestyle risk behaviors among the poor populations are expected to result into more critical health care challenges that developing countries are unable to manage if appropriate interventions are not put in place. Although clinical approaches are critical for the early recognition of CKD, increase in patients‘awareness among at risk patients is equally important for optimal d i s e a s e prevention. However, there is limited information about the extent to which at risk patients are aware of their vulnerability to CKD in Rwanda. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to establish the level of knowledge about CKD and the methods towards its prevention among patients with DM and HTN at Rwanda Military Hospital Out-patient department. Methods: Data was obtained from a purposive sample of 120 participants using semistructured questionnaire. Data analysis: Data were obtained and numerically coded, entered and computed in Excel, using an SPSS Software Version number 20 program. Descriptive analysis was done and data presented using frequency tables, graphs and diagrams Results: The results indicated a high awareness among participants about CKD at 91.67%. However only 42 % were able to associate their condition with vulnerability to CKD. The results further indicated CKD prevention gaps with majority not following any professional guidelines in choice of diet and lifestyle modifications not focused on complication prevention. Conclusion: The study demonstrates gaps in patient‘s perceived vulnerability and inadequate competencies for self care and CKD prevention. The findings are critical for improved health education and promotion for at risk populations.