Technical Assessment of Solar Home System (SHS) Integration into the Power Grid. A case study of Rwanda

Abstract

This project work investigates the technical aspects of integrating Solar Home Systems (SHS) into the power grid, with a particular focus on Rwanda's energy infrastructure. As the demand for sustainable energy solutions grows, the potential of decentralized renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, has gained significant attention. This study explores the impact of integrating both individual PV systems and a larger-scale distribution of multiple PV units within the grid. The simulation results are derived from three different software tools HOMER Pro, MATLAB version 2024b and Dig SILENT Power Factory. Firstly, the integration of a 5-kW peak PV system into the grid is analyzed using HOMER Pro software, enhancing the system’s efficiency to maximize energy production, economic analysis, cost, and efficiency. The results provide insights into the feasibility of small-scale PV installations for rural and off-grid communities in Rwanda, evaluating factors such as energy demand, system size, and grid compatibility. Secondly, a more extensive simulation is conducted using Dig SILENT Power Factory, where the distributed PV systems are connected to the power grid with bus bars. The voltage profile and load flow analysis are performed to assess the grid's ability to accommodate these decentralized PV systems without compromising stability or voltage regulation. The study also addresses the technical challenges of voltage fluctuations, reactive power control, and integration of PV systems. The findings highlight the potential benefits and challenges of SHS integration, particularly with regard to grid stability, energy distribution, and the technical requirements for efficient power flow management. The thesis concludes by recommending the integration of PV systems into Rwanda’s grid network, suggesting policies and technical measures to enhance the reliability, sustainability, and scalability of renewable energy solutions in the country