Estimation of Greenhouse Gases Emissions from on Grid Electricity Generation and Residential Sectors in Rwandabetween 1990 and 2015

Abstract

Abstract This thesis deals with energy consumption and GHG emissions from energy industries and other sectors in Rwanda. It wasaimed to inventory GHG emitted by energy sector and to recalculate GHG emissions estimates of the previous national communications carried in Rwanda case of energy sector. We wished also to identify the relevant sources of GHG emissions across on grid electricity generation and residential sectors and quantifying uncertainty assessment, key category and providing GHG emissions estimate from on grid electricity generation and residential energy sectors. The inventory was done using IPCC method and 2006 IPCC Guidelines which allowed the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions in Rwanda. During the assessment, 1990 was the base year while 2015 was the inventory year. We used Tier 1 approach and default emission factor values provided by 2006 IPCC guidelines. Resulting from the analysis, the trends show an average increase of 2.06%in total GHG emissions in Rwanda from combined on grid electricity generation and residential sector and were estimated at 455.247Gg CO2eq since 1990 and 781.928 Gg CO2eq in 2015. GHG emissions from on grid electricity generation had a low emission increment of 1.28 % if compare to that of residential activities which was 9.21%. The emissions were 144.214 Gg CO2eqfor on grid electricity generation and 637.713 Gg CO2eq residential activities in 2015. Uncertainty analysis shows that level uncertainty ranged between ± 6.63 % and ± 9.25% while trends uncertainties were in the range between ± 21.45 % and ± 21.82 %.Energy industry and other energy sectors are identified as key categories while CO2 from liquid fuel and NH4, N2O from biomass are identified as key gas for this inventory. This work recommends other interested researchers in Rwanda to carry out researches on country emission factors insome cases to improve the accuracy of emission factors used to calculate emissions from a variety of sources.