Spatial Distribution Pattern of Access to Basic Amenities in Unplanned Settlements in Kigali City; Case study of Jali-Kanyinya sectors from 2008 to 2024.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of access to basic amenities in unplanned settlements in Kigali City, focusing on the Jali-Kanyinya sectors from 2008 to 2024. Rapid urbanization in Kigali has led to significant changes in land use and settlement patterns, resulting in a growing population in unplanned areas. A substantial portion of the urban population faces challenges in accessing essential services such as water, sanitation, healthcare, and education. This research introduces the study's background and significance, outlining the research objectives and questions, emphasizing the need to understand residents' socio-economic and demographic characteristics and their challenges in accessing basic amenities. A review of existing literature on global urbanization trends and Rwanda's context highlights the impact of unplanned settlements on socio-economic well-being and gaps in understanding the spatial distribution of basic services. The methodology employs a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative interviews and quantitative data collection from 402 respondents, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical analysis to assess the availability and accessibility of basic amenities. The results reveal significant disparities in access to essential services influenced by various socio-economic factors, indicating that many residents experience poor access to healthcare and educational facilities, exacerbated by inadequate infrastructure and planning. The conclusions summarize key findings and their implications for urban planning and policy in Kigali, addressing the study's limitations and suggesting areas for future research. Practical recommendations for improving access to basic amenities in unplanned settlements advocate for strategic urban planning, community engagement, and government programs aimed at enhancing living conditions. This thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by residents in unplanned settlements in Kigali and underscores the urgent need for effective urban policies to promote equitable access to basic services amidst rapid urban growth.