Design and implementation of non-invasive blood group and vital signs detection system in emergency services: Case study of Rwanda

Abstract

This study presents the design and implementation of a non-invasive blood group and vital signs detection system. The primary objective of this system is to detect blood groups using light intensity detection produced by LEDs. The system utilizes an optoelectronic sensor, specifically the OPT101, to measure the light intensity passing through the finger. Based on the detected light intensity, the system categorizes the blood group types. Additionally, the device incorporates the MAX30100 sensor to detect the user's heartbeat, enabling simultaneous monitoring of vital signs. The key innovation of this system lies in its non-invasive nature, making it safer and more comfortable for users compared to traditional blood typing methods. Moreover, the system is costeffective, with an estimated cost of only 68,300 Rwandan Francs. Experimental testing of the device yielded a 70% accuracy rate in blood group detection. However, it was observed that blood groups other than B tended to fall within the range of blood group B, indicating a potential limitation in accuracy. In light of these findings, future plans for the system include addressing issues related to accuracy improvements. Strategies may involve refining the algorithms used for blood group classification and enhancing the sensitivity of the sensors to differentiate between closely related blood group types. Overall, the developed system holds promise for non-invasive blood group detection and vital signs monitoring, with potential applications in healthcare settings and beyond.