Optimal placement of static Var compensators (svcs) for voltage profile improvement in 220kv network of Rwanda

Abstract

A 220KV Transmission Line network in Rwanda have a problem of high voltage drop due to long distance from one Substation to another, high loading of substation and few reactive power control that Levels lead to decrease of efficiency and stability of electrical Power System. To improve voltage stability and efficiency of Rwanda’s 220kV transmission network there is a need of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Devices. Stability in Power system are crucial for ensuring a reliable electricity supply in response to growing demand. Voltage instability and reactive power imbalance are significant challenges that can cause voltage drops, increased power losses, and potential system failures. FACTS Devices are widely recognized as effective solutions for enhancing voltage stability, improving power factors, and optimizing reactive power compensation. For Voltage profile improvement on 220KV Transmission network in Rwanda, Static Var Compensators (SVCs) is proposed among other Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Devices due to its Faster response on voltage fluctuations by injecting or absorbing reactive Power in network , reduce transmission Lines Losses by maintain voltage levels within optimal limits and SVCs are reliability proven in high voltage networks. The aims of the optimal placement of SVCs within Rwanda’s high-voltage network is to mitigate voltage fluctuations and enhance overall grid performance. Using advanced power system analysis tools, such as Newton-Raphson load flow analysis, sensitivity analysis, and optimization techniques like dig silent Power Factory, the most effective locations for SVC deployment are recognized. The research findings indicate that optimal placement of SVCs at critical buses with high voltage drop within the 220kV network improves voltage profiles and reduces transmission losses. Simulation results show that optimized SVC placement leads to more stable voltage levels, better system reliability, and improved reactive power balance. Furthermore, SVCs implementation helps mitigate voltage collapse risks. This study provides valuable insights for Rwanda’s power utilities and policymakers, supporting strategic grid reinforcement plans to accommodate future electricity demand growth. The proposed solution enhances grid stability and contributes to a sustainable and robust power infrastructure in Rwanda.