A Survey on Pattern of Ocular Morbidity in a Rural Community in Rwanda

Abstract

Background: Majority of ocular morbidities found in developing countries are preventable and curable and vary from country to country and from community to community. Screening of ophthalmic conditions in communities with underserved ophthalmic services, can help detect and treat various spectra of ocular morbidity. Untreated ocular conditions may lead to vision impairments and blindness. Methods: A free walked-in ophthalmic screening outreach survey was conducted at a rural community in Rwanda and the total number of attendees was 762. Patients’ demographics, detailed case history, and ophthalmic specific evaluation tests generated the survey data. Treatment offered was based on the diagnoses made. Patients who required special treatment or reviews were referred to the health care facilities for further investigations and subsequent management. The recorded data on observation forms were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software using descriptive statistics. Results: Majority (91.5%) of the patients were from Mageragera community where the outreach was conducted. The number of females 71.7% (546) seen were more than males 28.3% (213) in the ratio of 2.5:1. Age group with the highest number of patients was (1 - 10) years, 139 (18.2%) while the least was ≥71 years, 34 (4.5%). Among ocular morbidities diagnosed, conjunctivitis ranked highest 562 (73.8%), followed by refractive errors 118 (15.5%) and cataract 31 (4.1%). Glaucoma was diagnosed in 4 (0.5%) clients. Medication given included steroidal, non-steroidal and antibiotics ophthalmic drugs. Conclusion: A total of 762 patients benefited from early diagnoses, treatment and referrals. The pattern of eye diseases observed was similar to other reports from other developing countries. Statistics from this survey provides baseline data which can be used for planning, management and prevention of ocular conditions in the studied community as well as in research