The Contribution of Imihigo on Socio-Economic Development (2013- 2018): A Case of Gakenke District

Abstract

The present research was about analysis of the contribution of Imihigo on the socio-economic development in Rwanda (2013- 2018) using a case of Gakenke District. The research used a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches where numerical data were collected through questionnaire and non- numerical data were collected using interview, focus group discussions, telephone calls and personnel observations. Secondary data were collected using archival review techniques. The research used a sample of 86 respondents from a population of 617 village leaders in Gakenke District. The sampling technique used was Slovin’s formula. The variables used by the research are: Agriculture, infrastructure, environment protection, entrepreneurship, social protection, education, health and gender. In economic development cluster, the research found that 100% of respondents affirmed that Imihigo improved agricultural techniques (land consolidation, crop intensification program, use of fertilizers, radical terracing) that increased the production which in turn improved the lives of the citizens. Hunger and malnutrition were reduced. 100% of respondents affirmed that new forest and trees were planted under Imihigo system and served to protect soil against erosion and thus contributed to agricultural productivity. Infrastructure was also developed: 97% affirmed that improved roads through Imihigo have improved commercial activities; above 70% of respondents affirmed that Imihigo improved access to electricity and improved the lives by the creation of new businesses and expanding existing ones. 72% affirmed that Imihigo system has entrepreneurship by the creation of new jobs and 69% added the promotion of cooperatives. In social development, the research found also positive results. 100% of respondents affirmed that Imihigo system improved lives of poorest households through social protection programs namely VUP and Girinka; education sector was improved by new classrooms constructed (100%) and mechanisms reducing dropouts together with school feeding (86%); 90% affirmed that Imihigo system improved health care services. Despite positive results of Imihigo system, the research found a number of challenges mainly dominated by limited budget allocated to infrastructure, fertilizers, BDF, VUP and Girinka.