Etude comparative d’attitudes et des pratiques de la population du district de Burera face au VIH et SIDA dans la zone couverte par le programme de VCT/PMTCT et dans la zone non couverte.

Abstract

The infection with HIV and AIDS remains a problem to Public health as to the national level as well as on the international level. The results of the research conducted showed that the services of VCT/PMTCT contribute effectively to the decrease of the spread of HIV and AIDS. The present study aims at knowing the current state of the problem relating to the attitudes and the practices of the population of Burera District related to HIV and AIDS in the area covered by the program of VCT/PMTCT compared with the area not covered. The present study has for Hypothesis that‘‘ The program of VCT/PMTCT contributed to the adoption of attitudes and practices related to the decrease of HIV and AIDS transmission in the area of Burera District covered by the program’’. This is explained by a rise in the level of adoption of positives attitudes and practices to reduce the spread of the HIV and AIDS and by an increasing in proportion of behavior change reached by the majority of the population in the area of the District covered by the program of VCT/PMTCT compared with the area not covered. The specific objectives were: to evaluate the level of adoption of positives attitudes and practices to reduce the spread of the HIV and AIDS in the area of the District covered by the program of VCT/PMTCT and in the area not covered; to determine the level of behavior change reached by the majority of the population of the District in the area covered by the program and in the area not covered. Our study was of a descriptive transversal and comparative. A sample of 768 consentives participants from four sectors (Nemba and Butaro in the area covered by VCT/PMTCT program, Gitovu, and Kivuye in the area not covered) were interviewed. Our study led to the following major finding: The proportion of non discriminatory / stigmatizing attitudes towards the people living with HIV or patients with the AIDS is higher in the area covered by the program compared with the area not covered, 89.7% and 74.8% of the participants respectively. The proportion of condom use is higher in the area covered by the program of VCT/PMTCT compared with the area not covered, 58.8% and 20.7% of the participants respectively. The area covered by the program has much more persons having sufficient knowledge of the major ways of transmission of the HIV and AIDS, 35.4% and 12.8% in the area not covered. Three times more persons in the area covered by the program have sufficient knowledge of the major ways of prevention of the HIV and AIDS, 36.8% in the area covered and 11% in the area not covered know at least the three major ways of prevention of the HIV and AIDS. Three times more persons in the area covered by the program maintained the new positive sexual behavior, 27.6% and 8.3% of the subjects respectively use regularly the condom at the time of the no secure sexual intercourses. vi We recommend to the VCT/PMTCT program to extend their services in all the health facilities of Burera District and to cover the area not yet covered by using advanced strategy; to reinforce the positive elements of the program in all the District and to correct the weakness particularly the level of knowledge on HIV and AIDS; the use of the means to prevent HIV and AIDS and to adopt the positives attitudes and practices related to the prevention of HIV and AIDS.