Interoperability of information systems: Case of higher learning institutions in Rwanda-challenges and the way forward

Abstract

Interoperability of information systems is challenging as it is influenced by different factors contributing to the success or failure of organization data sharing, quality service delivery, communication delays, and any undesirable effects. Literature analysis shows that in developing countries, the interoperability of information systems is constrained by the following factors: ICT Infrastructure, top management support, human resources, data, and information integration, security and privacy, business process issues, IT standards, technical expertise challenges, government regulation, collaboration and coordination matters, trust issues between agencies, slow implementation of policies, lack of compliance in adopting the Minimum Interoperability Standards (MIOS), and financial constraints. In higher education sectors, the interoperability of information systems has different constraints related to linked data strategy to connect existing multiple information, siloed data, data security, limited communications across institutions, heterogeneity of platforms with different programming languages individual applications, and IT architecture. However, there is limited knowledge about issues challenging the interoperability of Information systems from higher education institutions in Rwanda. This research takes a case of high-learning institutions in Rwanda and investigates challenges behind information systems interoperability in those institutions. A qualitative data method is adopted whereby document analysis and interviews will be used. The findings show that the lack of a common architecture, existing of information systems designed in silos in higher learning institutions, the availability of diverse platforms for data exchange in different higher education sectors, ICT infrastructure issues, and less investment in high-quality information systems at challenges of having technical interoperability in higher learning institution. Based on challenges and suggested solutions from respondents, RHEIS (Rwanda Higher Education Information Systems) architecture was proposed to have information systems communicating with each other. This research implies that solutions will be drawn to address issue of information systems interoperability in high learning institutions in Rwanda. This will contribute to HEC's (High Education Cancel) mission to improve the organization and functioning of high learning institutions. It will also advise the Government of Rwanda in all matters related to high education policy and strategies; to monitor the adherence to norms and standards in high learning institutions

vi | P a g e and to follow up all activities concerning learning, teaching, and performance evaluation on high learning institutions.