Abstract:
Highway construction remains one of the most hazardous sectors globally, with nearly 2 million work-related deaths annually [1]. In Rwanda, the construction industry accounts for approximately 18% of occupational hazard exposures. This study assessed the compliance of highway workers with Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) policies on major international donor-funded projects, specifically the Rwanda Feeder Roads Development Project (RFDP), the Lake Victoria Transport Program (LVTP), and the Huye–Kibeho road project. A structured questionnaire was administered to 140 respondents, including contractors, government agencies employers, consultants and site workers among others. The findings revealed a slight level of compliance with Rwanda’s OHS policies on donor-funded road projects with a wellness level of 53% (corresponding to an overall Mean of 3.51). The relatively low percentage was primarily attributed to poor first-aid and hygiene standards, insufficient trainings on OHS, and inadequate medical cost coverage. In contrast, respondents demonstrated a higher level of awareness, with 84% understanding the benefits of complying with OHS policies, 87% recognizing the benefits of complying with OHS policies, 84% acknowledging the potential consequences of noncompliance, and 89% agreeing with the proposed mechanisms and strategies aimed at improving compliance with OHS policies. The study concludes that while Rwanda’s OHS policies are in place and broadly acknowledged, their implementation on donor-funded road projects remains inadequate. To improve compliance, the study recommends: (1) regular and structured OHS training programs; (2) strict government agencies supervision and application of penalties for repeated violations for non-complying contractors; (3) improved medical coverage and compensation for both permanent and casual workers; (5) enhanced worker participation in safety management; and (6) stronger collaboration among contractors, consultants, and government agencies. Improving oversight, and aligning national enforcement with international safety standards to build trust with donors and safeguard workers is very critical for advancing infrastructure development while ensuring occupational safety in Rwanda.
